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The US blueprint for operations in Syria included a "by, with, and through" approach to working with local proxies to fight ISIS insurgents. The approach also formed the framework for the United States-Syrian Democratic Forces partnership. However, the US-SDF relationship was never stable and ultimately broke down. In this paper Dylan Maguire examines the inherent challenges in the US-SDF relationship, as well as potential improvements that could be made to the US proxy selection framework to ensure more effective and sustainable proxy relationships in the future. "A Perfect Proxy?" is the latest contribution to the Proxy War Project, which aims to develop new insights for resolving the wars that best the Arab world. PWP is jointly directed by Ariel Ahram (Virginia Tech) and Ranj Alaaldin (Brookings Doha Center) and funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.
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Les mères n'oublient pas. Les filles jamais ne pardonnent. Pendant dix-huit ans, Rose Gold Watts a cru qu'elle était gravement malade. En fauteuil roulant, elle passait une bonne partie de ses journées à l'hôpital. En réalité, sa mère, Patty Watts, était simplement une excellente menteuse. Après cinq ans d'emprisonnement, Patty retrouve aujourd'hui la liberté sans savoir où aller et supplie Rose Gold de l'aider. A la grande surprise de tout le voisinage celle-ci accepte. Rose aurait-elle pardonné à sa mère ces années de maltraitante ? Patty oublierait-elle que c'est sa fille qui l'a envoyée en prison ? Rien n'est moins sur et, surtout, Rose Gold n'est-plus la petite chose précieuse que Patty a quittée cinq ans plus tôt. Et elle attend avec impatience le retour de sa mère…
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179.2 --- Behandelingen --- Gezin --- Kindermishandeling --- Munchausen by proxy --- Ouders --- 606.3 --- Munchhausensyndroom --- Münchhausen-by-proxy syndroom --- Kindermishandeling. --- Münchhausen-by-proxy syndroom. --- Psychiatry --- psychopathologie --- MBPS (Münchausen by Proxy-Syndroom)
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The topic of proxy war is currently subject to intense debate with reference to US, British and Israeli accusations that Iran is sponsoring subversive and insurgent movements from Lebanon to Afghanistan; contemporary academic and media controversies over the effect of international assistance to the Afghan mujahidin in the subsequent destabilisation of the country; and the contentious circumstances surrounding the Russo-Georgian war of 2008, and the 'independence' of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. While there is no shortage of academic litearature dealing with specific cases of proxy warfare, there is no work providing an overarching analysis of the factors which lead to this type of conflict, or the potential consequences for the states concerned, the non-state proxies and their external patrons. Using examples from post-1945 history, and focusing on three case studies (the Afghan war of 1978-1989, Lebanon 1975-1990, Angola 1975-1991), the author offers terminology intended to clarify scholarly understanding of proxy warfare, a framework for understanding why states seek to use proxies (insurgent groups, militias, terrorist movements, mercenaries, and even organised criminal groups) in order to fulfil strategic objectives, and an analysis of the potential impact of such an indirect means of waging war on not only the states that are subjected to the phenomenon, but also the proxies, their sponsors and the wider international community.
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Kleine en middelgrote ondernemingen, in deze masterproef vaak afgekort tot kmo's, worden beschouwd als een van de sterkste motoren van onze Belgische economie. Dit komt ondermeer door haar bijdrage aan de welvaartcreatie en haar stijgend aandeel in de totale economische activiteit in ons land. Momenteel zien we dat meer dan negenennegentig procent van de ondernemingen in België klein of middelgroot zijn. Ondanks het feit dat kmo's over heel wat financieringsbronnen kunnen beschikken om zich te financieren, is dit voor een kmo echter geen gemakkelijke opdracht. Een mogelijk probleem dat zich kan voordoen bij bankfinanciering is het asymmetrische informatieprobleem. Dit houdt in dat de ene partij meer of minder geïnformeerd is bij een transactie dan de andere partij. In ons onderzoek wordt dan ook nagegaan of er effectief een verschil bestaat in bankfinanciering van kmo's naargelang ze meer of minder met asymmetrische informatie te maken hebben.
Asymmetrische informatie. --- Bank. --- Bazel. --- Financiering. --- Kmo. --- Proxy.
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Proxy means test (PMT) poverty targeting tools have become common tools for beneficiary targeting and poverty assessment where full means tests are costly. Currently popular estimation procedures for generating these tools prioritize minimization of in-sample prediction errors; however, the objective in generating such tools is out-of-sample prediction. This paper presents evidence that prioritizing minimal out-of-sample error, identified through cross-validation and stochastic ensemble methods, in PMT tool development can substantially improve the out-of-sample performance of these targeting tools. The USAID poverty assessment tool and base data are used for demonstration of these methods; however, the methods applied in this paper should be considered for PMT and other poverty-targeting tool development more broadly.
Poverty --- Poverty Assessment --- Proxy Means Testing --- Targeting
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